Zmyslové orgány psa
Zmyslové ústrojenstvo slúži na komunikáciu organizmu s vonkajším prostredím a tiež analyzujú zmeny vo vnútri organizmu. Zmyslové orgány sú vybavené takzvanými receptormi, ktoré prinášajú mozgu dôležité informácie. Každý receptor je určený na vyhradený druh podnetov. Medzi zmyslové orgány patrí zrak, sluch, čuch, chuť.
Zrak
V minulosti sa predpokladalo, že pes vidí čiernobielo. Výskumy v posledných rokoch ukázali, že pes rozoznáva výrazné farby a pravdepodobne vidí pastelovo.Dokaže rozlišovať červnú,modrú a fialovú v roznych odtieňoch. Pes zaregistruje pohybujúcu sa osobu zo vzdialenosti cca. 500 m, svojho psovoda spozná asi zo 100 m. Za šera vidí trikrát lepšie ako človek pretože má v oku tzv. mačacie oko(tapetum lucidum).
Sluch
Väčšina posv má ušnice ovládané 17 svalmi.Kým človek začuje šelest zo vzdialenosti 3-4 m, pes ten istý zvuk začuje už zo vzdialenosti cca. 25 m. Psy dokážu vnímať aj ultrazvuk do 35 000 až 60 000 Hz,mačka do 25 000 Hz a človek do 20 000 Hz. Využíva sa to pri psích píšťalkách, ktoré sa využívajú na privolanie psa, pričom ľudia nič nepočujú.Ultrazvuk nad 20 000 Hz je pre človeka nepočuteľný.
Čuch
V celej zvieracej ríši majú už len určité nočné motýle taký vyvinutý čuch,že im slúži na podstatne väčšie vzdialenosti. Pes dokáže zistiť prítomnosť niektorých látok aj v milionkrát nižšej koncentrácii než človek. Čuchové pole človeka má 3 cm2, nemeckého ovčiaka 160 cm2. Pes čuchom vyhľadáva potravu, orientuje sa v teréne, identifikuje veci, osoby, zvieratá. Má veľmi dobrú čuchovú pamäť, ktorá sa využíva pri stopovaní ľudí a zvierat. Pes dokáže rozlíšiť čerstvosť stôp a na základe toho zvoliť správny smer pri stopovaní.
Chuť
V porovnaní s človekom má pes len málo vyvinutú chuť.Pes sa v spolužití s človekom naučil spoznávať veľa nových chutí a dodnes má často záľubu v potrave pripravenú človekom.
Šiesty zmysel
Podľa niektorých názorov majú psy aj nejaký šiesty zmysel, ktorým dokážu detekovať geopatogénne zóny. Využíva sa napríklad tak, že psa pustia do prázdnej miestnosti a kde si ľahne, tam sa umiestní posteľ. Kam si ľahne mačka by sa vraj naopak posteľ dávať nemala.
Niektoré psy dokážu predvídať epileptický záchvat majiteľa a svojim správaním ho naň preventívne upozorniť. Predpokladá sa, že pred záchvatom sa mení vôňa človeka.
Pes je citlivý na vibrácia rovnako ako mačka.Može podstatne skor ako človek vycítiť otrasy zeme.Kuriozne však je,že psy reagujú len ak hrozí nebezpečenstvo pravé zemetrasenia.
Pes údajne dokáže občas predvídať smrť svojho pána,aj keď sa okoliu zdá,že na to nie je žiadny dovod.Podobne vraj aj celkom presne cítia,kedy je čas na neobľúbené kúpanie,a pritom naň ešte nezačali prípravné práce.
Chrup
Vo všeobecnosti má pes 42 zubov ktoré sa delia nasledovne:
Horná čeľusť:6 rezákov,2 špiciaky(očné zuby),8 črenových zubov(predstoličiek),4 stoličky
Spodná čeľusť: 6 rezákov,2 špiciaky,8 črenových zubov a 6 stoličiek
Tak ako u človeka,aj u psa prvý chrup šťeňaťa pozostáva z mliečnych zubov,ktoré po prerezaní nahradí trvalý chrup.
Podľa tvaru čeľuste rozoznávame:
Nožnicový záhryz
Kliešťový záhryz
Predhryz
Podhryz
Psy majú silnů zbraň:ZUBY Ak je potrebné,možu svojimi silnými svalmi sánky sposobiť značné zranenia.Krížence vážiace 20kg sa možu zahryznúť silou 165kg,kým človek vyvinie sotva jednu tretinu(od 20 do 29 kg).
Komentáre
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Breeches - different horse riding tradition
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Like any discipline of sports activity, horse riding also requires special apparel. It won't mean that without correct gear of the rider, the horse is not going to canter, but the custom, ease and comfort, aesthetics participate in a vital function in all of disciplines. Especially horse riding, namely a discipline from distant history, has generated specific qualities over the years. Breeches are definitely one of them.
Equestrian breeches, comfort, and tradition
Equestrian breeches are unique horseback riding outfits. For the reason that they don't include seams on the inner part of the leg, namely in the spot in which the rider’s leg meets the seat, they give level of comfort and versatility of movements. This sort of strategy for sewing guards the skin from chafing, makes it possible for the rider to effectively seat the horse and ride for long periods with out bad results. Breeches might be firmer or puffed throughout the thighs, similar to cavalry breeches.
Right now, the most used are firmer types of breeches, on the other hand, there is still a huge group of men and women preferring the cavalry product, for example saloons or jodhpurs, with straight or slightly extending legs. The last model has become famous in the 19th century Britain due to Jodhpur maharajah playing polo in such apparel.
What makes breeches distinctive?
Breeches are seen as a high waist and grip - short or long. A grip is an added reinforcement along with a covering of suede, leather or silicone that goes towards the knees or along the entire leg. The idea warranties far better tackiness, gluiness, gumminess in the saddle, nevertheless, the type of the breeches will depend on the rider’s tastes.
Full grip breeches possess this additional strengthening on the inner side of the trousers on the whole length of the place that the rider’s body fits the saddle - on the buttocks to calves. This version is rather loved by dressage riders, who would prefer to ride at a trot or canter. By reason of restricted slippage and fine tackiness, gluiness, gumminess, they make it better to stay in the saddle.
Knee grip breeches have the strengthening on the inner section of the knees. This specific model is specially loved by jumping riders as it warranties convenience of movements even at the cost of a reduced proper grip. It is effective at a trot and canter in half-seat.
Material for breeches
In order for breeches to be as sturdy as it can be, they should be made from high-quality components. Fabric is picked out for a given season, that makes it appropriately breathable, isolating, quick-dry, and easy to clear. The fabric really should be slightly flexible and maintain its structure even after several laundries.
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